When it comes to powering electric vehicles (EVs), lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the front runners globally. They offer higher specific energy (energy stored per unit mass) and longer lifetimes compared to other battery technologies available on the market. The storage demand for the EV sector in India is expected to reach 900–2,300 GWh (for two-wheelers, four-wheelers, and buses) by 2030—considering a 30% EV penetration. It is thus essential to understand the existing and emerging LIB technologies available today, especially considering the Government of India’s (GoI's) Make in India initiative.
