Feeder-Level Impact Assessment of Rooftop Solar Integration in Distribution Networks

Indian distribution companies are undergoing significant structural and operational changes, driven by rising electricity demand and increasing penetration of distributed renewable energy (DRE) sources. Yet, large-scale DRE integration exposes distribution networks to challenges such as intermittency and peak load management. This study addressed these issues by virtually modelling a practical sub-11 kV distribution network in power simulation software using load-flow analysis. It evaluated the infrastructure readiness to accommodate future load growth with DRE integration, ensuring a smooth and sustainable transition.Based on the model, active power and reactive power losses were determined, and transformers at risk of exceeding their rated loading during peak demand were identified. The findings indicated the threshold levels of rooftop photovoltaic penetration beyond which network reinforcement (such as transformer upgrades, voltage regulation, and reactive support) is essential. This study provides actionable guidance for distribution companies, demonstrating not only the benefits of DRE but also the tipping points at which proactive grid investment becomes mandatory to maintain reliability.

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