To meet its global commitments, India is planning to reduce fossil-fuel-based power generation by targeting 500 GW of non-fossil fuel capacity by 2030. However, the increasing adoption of renewable and distributed energy resources is creating several technical and economic challenges in the Indian power system due to intermittency and lack of infrastructure.

Technology plays a crucial role in realising the sustainable development goals of India. In this context, the government has introduced various policies to support the indigenous development of technology and strengthen collaborations with foreign entities for technology sourcing and development. Time averaging of technology impacts has shown improvements in livelihoods, comfort, economy, and health. However, the advent of technology does come with some negative impacts.