Sustainable alternative futures for agriculture in India—the energy, emissions, and resource implications

India’s falling aquifer levels, erratic monsoons, arable land constraints, stagnating crop yields, growing food demand, and rising greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions necessitate that strategic interventions be planned and implemented to maintain food security in the country. In this paper, we present two novel system dynamics simulation models—termed ‘Sustainable Alternative Futures for India’ (SAFARI) and SAFARI-R (a regionally disaggregated version of SAFARI)—that can be used to develop and analyse specific interventions required at the national and regional levels to sustainably maintain food security.